In recent years the prevalence of heart disease as the #1 killer in women has become better recognized. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a similar process but involves narrowing of the arteries in the leg rather than the heart and often is considered a disease predominantly affecting males. However, recent evidence suggests that not only is peripheral arterial disease as common in women as men but also may lead to greater disability.

Major cardiovascular events occur frequently in individuals without known preexisting cardiovascular disease. Identifying those at risk remains a difficult challenge. Scoring equations have previously been developed to help predict risk. The Framingham risk score (FRS) is considered the reference standard.

June 2004 – NLHBJ in alliance with health professional societies form PAD Coalition commit to raise awareness and promote education for PAD.

By: Alan Micklin, M.D., F.A.C.C.

Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the United States and a major cause of adult disability. Stroke is caused by an interruption of blood flow to the brain (ischemic stroke) or by ruptured blood vessels (hemorrhagic stroke). The vast majority (over 80%) of all strokes are ischemic. Half of these ischemic strokes are caused by stenoses or blockages of the carotid arteries.